T-12

Trailing twelve months of actual income and expenses for a property. The number sellers should show and buyers should ask for, because it beats a pro forma every time.

Also called trailing twelve months · Investment terms · Updated September 2026

In a room, this word explains itself where it appears.

Every term like this one lights up in the step you're on.

Free to set up. No credit card.

Part 1 of 4

Why a seller cares

The trailing twelve months is the actual income and expense record for the last year, and it is what a serious buyer asks for first. A seller who has one ready sells faster and defends the price better.

Part 2 of 4

A simple example

Your T-12 shows $50,400 collected, $21,800 spent, and two months of a vacant unit in the spring. The buyer underwrites from it.

T-12: a simple example
The documentWhat it proves
The T-12What the building actually did
The rent rollWhat it is set up to do now
The pro formaWhat somebody hopes it will do

The T-12 is the building's last year in numbers, and it is the one document a buyer trusts.

Part 3 of 4

What people get wrong

That a T-12 is optional if the rent roll is strong. Buyers want the record; a rent roll without one is a claim.

Part 4 of 4 · where to read next

Where it appears in the sale

What a definition is, and what it isn't

Keighbor is a software company, not a law firm, brokerage, or tax adviser. This is general information, not legal, tax, financial, or real estate advice about your sale. Your situation may differ. Before acting on a contract, disclosure, title, tax, or pricing question, ask an appropriately licensed professional in your state.

Written and researched by Keighbor Research · drawn from the reference glossary · how we research and check what we publish

Was this clear?

One piece of your sale. Here is where all the pieces live.

In your room, this word explains itself where it appears.

Keighbor keeps your whole home sale in one place and defines every term like this one right where you meet it, in the step you're on. Free to set up, with or without an agent.

Set up my roomFree to start. No credit card.